The paleocortex is an important brain structure that is responsible for several vital functions. This ancient part of the brain has been studied extensively, leading to the identification of several synonyms for it. Some of these synonyms include the olfactory cortex, the rhinencephalon, and the archicortex. Other terms used to describe this structure include the hippocampus, the primary olfactory cortex, and the allocortex. Regardless of what it is referred to, the paleocortex is a critical structure that plays a crucial role in our cognitive and emotional processes, including memory, learning, and decision-making. Understanding the many names associated with this structure can help us explore the complexities of the brain more fully.