Telomeres are specialized structures located at the end of chromosomes, which protect the genetic material and play a critical role in the aging process. Synonyms for this term include chromosome caps, end caps, and terminal DNA. They act as a buffer against the damage that can occur during cell division and maintain the integrity of the DNA molecule. Shortened telomeres have been linked to various age-related diseases and shortened lifespan, making them a vital area of research. By understanding the mechanisms underlying telomere shortening and how to preserve them, we can potentially improve health outcomes and extend lifespan.