Phytopathologies are diseases and disorders that affect plants. Synonyms for this term include plant pathology, plant diseases, plant disorders, plant ailments, and phytodiseases. These terms are interchangeable, and they all refer to damages to plants caused by biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors include pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, while abiotic factors include environmental stresses like drought, flooding, heat, and cold. Understanding phytopathologies is crucial for agricultural and horticultural industries, as they can cause significant losses in yield and quality. With the increase in global trade and climate change, new and emerging phytopathologies are becoming a growing concern for the plant health community.