CNS Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases are a group of disorders that affect the central nervous system by damaging the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers. Synonyms for this condition include demyelination diseases, autoimmune demyelinating disorders, and central demyelination syndrome. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common subtype of CNS demyelinating autoimmune diseases. Other subtypes include acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and optic neuritis (ON). The symptoms of these disorders can range from mild to severe and can affect mobility, vision, and cognitive function. While there is no known cure, treatments are available to manage symptoms and slow disease progression.