A black and blue spot, also known as a bruise, can be described in several ways using synonyms. Some common synonyms for this term include contusion, hematoma, ecchymosis, and welt. A contusion is a medical term that refers to a bruise caused by an injury or blow to the body. A hematoma is another type of bruise that occurs when blood pools under the skin. Ecchymosis refers to a larger, more widespread bruise. A welt is a raised, red bump that may be accompanied by bruising. No matter what term is used, a black and blue spot is a result of trauma to the body and can be painful and unsightly.